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We report an incidence of natural infection of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging Indian leopard (Panthera pardus fusca). The case was detected during routine screening. Post-mortem and laboratory examination suggested virus-induced interstitial pneumonia. Viral genome could be detected in various organs including brain, lung, spleen, and lymph nodes by real-time PCR. Whole-genome sequence analysis confirmed infection of Pango lineage B.1.617.2 of SARS-CoV-2. Till now, only Asiatic lions have been reported to be infected by SARS-CoV-2 in India. Infections in animals were detected during peak phase of pandemic and all the cases were captive with close contacts with humans, whereas the present case was observed when human cases were significantly low. No tangible evidence linked to widespread infection in the wild population and the incidence seems to be isolated case. High nucleotide sequence homology with prevailing viruses in humans suggested spillover infection to the animal. This report underlines the need for intensive screening of wild animals for keeping track of the virus evolution and development of carrier status of SARS-CoV-2 among wildlife species. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10344-022-01608-4.
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Context: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has emerged as a pandemic now has put health care workers (HCWs) at great risk as they are the warriors in frontlines screening and treating the infected patients. When a COVID-19-positive HCW is identified, its contacts need to be traced to check the spread of the infection among patients and other HCWs. Aims: This study was aimed to study epidemiology and risk factors associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) infection among HCWs and to quantify the risk of infection among HCWs in a tertiary level health care setting. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study enrolled all the HCWs who were exposed to a patient with COVID-19 in a tertiary level health care center, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand from 1st May to 30th July, 2020. Methods and Material: All the exposed HCWs were followed up for 14 days after the last exposure to a patient with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Epidemiological data were obtained using structured interviews. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0. Frequencies and proportions were calculated for descriptive variables, and risk ratios were calculated for risk factors affecting the transmission of disease. Results: We observed that 1,141 HCWs of the tertiary level health care hospital were exposed to COVID-19 patients during the study period. A total of 22 HCWs were tested COVID-19 positive among these exposed HCWs. Univariate analysis revealed a high risk of exposure to be significantly associated with a higher secondary attack rate of SARS CoV-2. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the risk of COVID-19 transmission through asymptomatic carriers. Therefore, periodic testing of all health care workers is necessary to ensure early mitigation of the shortage of health care providers.
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When the whole world was tumbled from the spur of COVID-19, virtual learning gave a strong support and life to the education system and saved students to be deprived from their learnings. This research is an attempt to find the impact of virtual learning on the wellbeing of male and female university students in India during COVID-19. Multigroup Analysis (MGA) method of PLS-SEM is used to assess the significant difference among male and female university students for the impact of virtual learning on their wellbeing. Online questionnaires have been floated to collect data from 466 respondents segregated into 209 male and 257 female university students. The result revealed that virtual learning banes and technological challenges have the significant difference for the wellbeing of male and female university students. Whereas study also shows no significant difference among gender for the impact of virtual learning boons and interpersonal challenges on students' wellbeing.
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Education in today's epidemic time is possible only through virtual learning platforms. COVID-19 has changed the mode of learning and shown the power of learning in virtual mode. In this paper a self-designed questionnaire on virtual learning was developed to analyse the impact of virtual learning on undergraduate and postgraduate university students. The self-developed questionnaire containing 25 items is tested for validity and reliability. 25 items are further segregated into 5 factors using exploratory factor analysis. These five factors are: Virtual Learning Environment;Virtual Learning and Health Related Issues;Virtual Learning and Interpersonal Issues;Virtual Learning and Technological Issues;Virtual Learning Deliverables. To have the comparative study of undergraduate and postgraduate students for the use of virtual learning platforms, one-way ANOVA is implemented. One-way ANOVA is implemented for each factor and it was found that virtual learning effectiveness increases when students move from Under graduation (UG) to Post Graduation (PG) in India.
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Purpose of Review: This review summarizes the available Indian data on epidemiology of invasive fungal infections (IFI) in recipients of solid organ transplants (SOT). The epidemiology is further compared with studies from other parts of the world for each SOT type. Recent Findings: The available studies on Indian epidemiology of IFI in SOT are scarce, though the number of SOTs performed in India have increased tremendously in recent years. The limited data from India present a distinct spectrum of infection in transplant recipients with high incidence of mucormycosis. During COVID-19 outbreak, IFI rate increased and renal transplant recipients acquired mucormycosis earlier than previous studies. Summary: Maximum data on IFI was available from renal transplant recipients, wherein mucormycosis was the predominant IFI in Indian patients in contrast to invasive candidiasis in majority countries. The other IFIs had varied spectrum. With the increasing number of SOTs being performed and the already persisting high burden of IFI in India, there is an urgent need of larger prospective studies on epidemiology of IFI in transplant recipients.
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In present scenario, pandemic has compelled organizations to make changes in their human resource (HR) policies and practices. The ?new normal? work culture has been adopted by the organizations, which is definitely ?new? but not ?normal?. New normal is the shift from physical world to digital world. This new normal is one of the weapons of organization to battle with the storm of COVID-19, which has created upheaval and further leads to anxiety and stress among the working professionals. In this research, change in HR practices and policies for reducing stress has examined. Two scales were developed for ?change in HR practices? and ?stress?. These scales were further validated and tested for reliability. Sample was collected from 306 respondents, divided into 194 male and 112 female working professionals. Hierarchical multiple regression method was used to identify the relationship between change in HR practices and stress among Indian working professionals. Further moderation effect of gender on the relationship between change in HR practices and stress was analysed. This research has concluded that change in HR practices has distinct impact on the stress level of male and female working professionals.